These factories use a combination of traditional and modern technologies (Centre for Leather 2004). Indonesia is one of the newly industrialized countries (NICs) with 586 leather factories operating in 2003 that produced leather for the European market. By outsourcing leather manufacturing, the occupational health risks that come along with it are also outsourced. Another reason for the absence of occupational skin disease data in tanneries may be the extensive automation implemented in this industry as long as it remained in developed countries (Geier 2004). This may be a reason why tannery work is not reported in statistics on occupational dermatoses in high-risk occupations (Athavale et al. Developing countries generally have fewer adequately effective occupational health programs and fewer adequately developed and enforced laws and regulations than those in the developed countries (Levy 1996). Occupational illness is less likely to be detected in developing countries partly as a result of inadequate occupational health services (London and Kisting 2002). The burden of diseases from occupational hazards associated with globalization is difficult to determine. Trade and financial changes because of globalization have been associated with an increasing outsourcing and subcontracting of hazardous work from developed to developing countries. This situation may be the result of outsourcing leather manufacturing to newly industrialized countries (NIC: a country once designated as less developed, but which has undergone recent, rapid industrialization) where attention into occupational health hazards is limited. ![]() Recent reports on properly conducted occupational dermatological surveys in this industry are virtually absent. In a study from 1960 to 1969 among male workers in Sweden, it was reported that 12% of those suspected of occupational dermatitis and sensitized to chromium were tannery workers (Fregert 1975). Occupational skin diseases in the leather industry are rarely reported despite their potential high risk. ![]() These chemicals are potential irritants and sensitizers in workers who are frequently exposed to these for prolonged periods of time (Kolomaznik et al. ![]() Talc, Ethylhexyl Palmitate, Mica, Magnesium Stearate, Zea Mays Starch (Zea Mays (Corn) Starch), Silica, Parfum (Fragrance) and may contain: (EU seulement/only: CI 15985, CI 73015, CI 12085, CI 45380, CI 45410, CI 15850, CI 77120, CI 58000, CI 74160) May contain carmine as a color additive.Chemicals used in leather manufacturing are intended to chemically alter the structure of the animal hides and may have the same effect on the human skin. Talc, Dimethylimidazolidinone Rice Starch, Benzyl Salicylate, Limonene, Linalool, Coumarin, Benzyl Benzoate, Benzyl Alcohol, Parfum (Fragrance) and may contain: May contain carmine as a color additive. ![]() Talc, Glycerin, Aqua (Water), Cetearyl Alcohol, Kaolin, Octyldodecanol, Sodium Cetearyl Sulfate, Stearic Acid, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Phenoxyethanol, Tetrahydroxypropyl Ethylenediamine, Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Coumarin, Limonene, Amyl Cinnamal, Citronellol, Geraniol, Linalool, Benzyl Alcohol, Parfum (Fragrance) and may contain: (EU seulement/only: CI 58000, CI 77120, CI 74160, CI 73015) May contain carmine as a color additive. Paraffinum Liquidum (Mineral Oil), Paraffin, Candelilla Cera (Euphorbia Cerifera (Candelilla) Wax), Petrolatum, Hexyl Laurate, Tocopherol, Copernicia Cerifera Cera (Copernicia Cerifera (Carnauba) Wax), Cera Alba (Beeswax), Cetyl Palmitate, Lanolin Alcohol, Propylene Glycol, BHT, Cetearyl Alcohol, Glyceryl Stearate, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Citric Acid, Linalool, Cinnamyl Alcohol, Citronellol, Alpha-Isomethyl Ionone, Benzyl Salicylate, Butylphenyl Methylpropional, Benzyl Alcohol, Coumarin, Amyl Cinnamal, Hexyl Cinnamal, Geraniol, Benzyl Benzoate, Parfum (Fragrance) and may contain: (EU seulement/only: CI 58000, CI 77120, CI 74160, CI 73015) May contain carmine as a color additive
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